The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) convened a joint workshop in Paris on 22 - 23 June 2023 to assess the current state of knowledge of the Earth system cycles of energy, water, and carbon, and our capability to assess emerging changes related to these cycles. The aims were to i) identify challenges for research (knowledge of processes), modelling and observing system capabilities; ii) identify key indicators for measuring (observational needs), monitoring and modelling the cycles and indicate how they can be used in global assessment frameworks; and iii) identify key processes that need to be better understood to improve the monitoring of the cycles and to infer if and how the cycles are coupled.
The outcomes of the joint workshop are now available in the report that can be accessed here.